EXOTIC PETS :: GUINEA PIGS

Guinea Pigs, also known as cavies, are small herbivores that originate in South America. When socialized as young animals, they bond to their human families and make wonderful pets. Guinea pigs rarely bite, making them good pets even for younger children. In our homes, these friendly animals can live for four to eight years.

There are different breeds of guinea pigs. Peruvian pigs, known for their long hair, and Abyssinians pigs, known for their swirly hair, are quite common. Cavies come in many different colors and color combinations. Each little pig is unique.

Choosing a Guinea Pig

Make sure that you choose a pet that looks healthy. There should be no discharge from the eyes or nose, and no sneezing or coughing. The coat should have no bald spots or areas of broken hair. The animal should be bright and alert. Choosing a young animal will make it easier for the animal to become comfortable with his new family. After purchasing a new guinea pig, have him/her examined by a veterinarian. This is the ideal time to discuss the pig's health, nutrition, and housing.

Nutrition

Guinea Pigs have a specialized diet of hay, guinea pig pellets, and fresh vegetables. These animals, like people, require daily doses of vitamin C. We recommend about 50mg per day for each pig. A multivitamin is neither necessary nor recommended. Diets high in calcium should be avoided in adult, non-reproductive animals. Excess of this mineral may lead to the formation of bladder stones. Sugary foods should also be avoided, as these may contribute to painful bloating of the intestinal tract. Any diet changes in these animals should be done gradually to avoid significant digestive problems. Over supplementing with fresh produce may cause diarrhea in guinea pigs, a potentially serious problem.

Housing

Guinea pigs, being highly social animals, are happiest when they are paired with another guinea pig. Cavies should live in large cages with sides, which allow for good airflow, and solid surface flooring. Wire bottom cages will enhance the likelihood of foot infections known as bumblefoot or pododermatitis. Multiple levels with ramps in between allow for maximum usage of their space. Guinea pigs should always be provided with items to hide under or in when they are frightened. The recommended bedding material is recycled paper, like Carefresh pet bedding. Wood chip litters have been associated with respiratory, and bladder problems in guineas. Water containers, like bowls or sipper bottles, should be washed daily when fresh water is provided to prevent microorganism build up. Cages should be kept clean. Dilute bleach makes a good cleaner and disinfectant. Caution should be taken to be sure cages are rinsed thoroughly and dried well before the animals are put back in.

Guinea Pig Diet

Depending upon their health, guinea pigs need 60-100mg of Vitamin C per day. Vitamin C can be added to fresh water daily. (Do not use a multi-vitamin.)

Diet

  • 80-85 percent of the diet should be hay. Pregnant or nursing females and young pigs (less than four months old) should have alfalfa hay for extra calcium. All others should have Timothy hay (Avoid Calcium)
  • 10-15 percent of the diet should be pellets. No additives such as seeds, dried fruits, oats, etc. Pregnant or nursing females and young pigs (less than four months old) should have alfalfa-based pellets. All others should have Timothy-based pellets (Oxbow Cavy Cuisine)
  • 5-10 percent of diet should be fresh fruits and vegetables:
    • Food Source Vit. C(mg) in 1 cup
    • Food Source Vit. C(mg) in 1 cup
    • Red Pepper 450
    • Broccoli Leaves 120
    • Turnip Greens* 260
    • Cauliflower 100
    • Mustard Greens* 252
    • Broccoli Florets 87
    • Dandelion Greens 200
    • Tomato 87
    • Green Pepper 195
    • Spinach* 75
    • Kale* 192
    • Asparagus 69
    • Brussels Sprouts 173
    • Raspberries 60
    • Parsley 140
    • Rutabaga 52
    • Collard Greens*
    • 140 Cabbage 50
    • Guavas 125
    • Orange 50
    • Radish 45
    • Pears 48
    • Zucchinis 39
    • Swiss Chard 42
    • Potatoes 36

*These foods are high in calcium, so it might be best to choose others

Reproductive

If males and females are housed together, and babies are not desired, the male should be neutered. If used for breeding, female guinea pigs, also known as sows, should be bred the first time, at less than 6 months of age. First time mothers over this age may be unable to give birth naturally as their pelvis may not open allowing the babies to pass through.

Baby guinea pigs are precocial. This means they are born fully furred with their eyes and ears open and functional. Though they may nurse for up to three weeks, these little ones begin nibbling on regular foods almost immediately.

Grooming

Guinea Pigs should be brushed using soft bristled brushes or combs. Their nails should be trimmed regularly. Cat nail trimmers work well for this.

Common Medical Problems

  • Respiratory ailments
  • Skin disease: parasites and ring worm
  • Bladder problems: stones and infections
  • Vitamin C deficiency
  • Ovarian Cysts
  • Digestive problems: bloat, diarrhea, intestinal twisting, decreased motility, obstructions
  • Dental issues

It is important to establish a relationship with a cavy savvy veterinarian. This way, if the pet becomes ill, you'll know where to go. As for any pet, an annual physical exam is recommended. Careful observation of these pets allows for the understanding of normal behaviors, which permits the rapid identification of problems. Remember that these are prey animals who will go to great lengths to hide signs of illness.

Emergencies

Call your veterinarian immediately if you see:

  • Diarrhea
  • Drooling
  • A decrease in, or lack of, appetite
  • Abnormal discharge from eyes or nose